import/englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/marygovt.html url indexed_doc HTMLPlugin 8777 englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs marygovt.html marygovt.html en utf8 Marilee Mongello Queen Mary I / Mary Tudor - Marian Government Policies HTML http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/marygovt.html http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/marygovt.html Tudor period|Monarchs HASH015e9ea6386857edec159d2e 1778053392 20260506 1778053515 20260506 HASH015e.dir marygovt.gif:image/gif:   <IMG height=45 alt="Marian Government Policies" src="_httpdocimg_/marygovt.gif" width=343> The following is a list of government policies & officials. It also includes religious legislation. <CENTER> <HR width="100%"> When did Parliament meet during Mary's reign? 5 October 1553 to 5 December 1553 2 April 1554 to 5 May 1554 12 November 1554 to 16 January 1555 21 October 1555 to 9 December 1555 20 January 1558 to 17 November 1558 Who were the Speakers of the House of Commons? Sir John Pollard, M.P. for Oxfordshire - elected 5 October 1553 Sir Robert Brooke, M.P. for the City of London - elected 2 April 1554 Sir Clement Higham, M.P. for West Looe - elected 12 November 1554 Sir John Pollard, M.P. for Chippenham - elected 21 October 1555 Sir William Cordell, M.P. for Suffolk - elected 20 January 1558 Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester  1553-1555 Nicholas Heath, Archbishop of York  1556-1558 Keepers of the Privy Seal John Russell, 1st Lord Russell, created 1st earl of Bedford, 1550)  1542-1555 William Paget  1555-1559 Principal Secretaries Sir John Cheke  1553 Sir John Bourne  1553-1558 Chief Justices of the King's Bench Thomas Bromley  1553 William Portman  1555 Edward Saunders  1557 Chief Justices of Common Pleas Richard Morgan  1553 Robert Brooke  1554 Anthony Browne  1558 Lord Treasurers William Paulet, 1st earl of Wiltshire (1550) and 1st marquis of Winchester (1551) held office of Lord Treasurer from 1550 to 1572 Chief Barons of the Court of Exchequer David Brook  1553 Clement Heigham  1558 Masters of the Rolls - Court of Chancery Sir Nicholas Hare  1553 Sir William Cordell  1557</CENTER>  <HR width="100%"> Religious Developments  1553-1558 <UL>Compare the religious acts of January - July 1553 to those passed after Mary became queen.  One can imagine the confusion caused by such rapid shifts in ideology.</UL>1553 January - Sir Richard Cotton ordered to seize Church plate and vestments. 12 June - the Forty-Two Articles issued (includes the statement that Justification before God is by faith alone; also, good works play no part in salvation & there is no purgatory.) 19 July - Mary Tudor proclaimed queen of England. Immediate & rapid religious changes ensue. September - Bishops Bale, Coverdale, Ponet, Scory & Barlow are deprived of their offices & eventually flee overseas. Bishops Gardiner and Bonner are released from prison and reinstated to former offices. Mary orders that Archbishop Cranmer be arrested.  His fellow Protestant leaders - Latimer, Hooper & Ridley (and a score of others) are also arrested. October - Parliament in session.  It refuses to repeal the Act of Supremacy, despite Mary's insistence.  They do pass an Actof Repeal which essentially voids the Edwardian reformation - and reinstates Mass, clerical celibacy & ritual worship. December - Mary responds to Parliament's refusal to repeal the Act of Supremacy & rejects the title of Supreme Head of the English Church.   1554 January - prominent English Protestants flee to Germany and Switzerland, trying to avoid Marian prosecution of married/non-celibate clergy. March - Mary issues Royal Injunction - orders bishops to remove married clergy from office; suppress heresy; only ordain clergy who have been ordained under the English Ordinal; restore Holy Days and attendant ceremonies. Gardiner begins a methodical purge of married clergy.  This practice eventually claims almost a quarter of parish clergy. April - Parliament meets again - and once more clash with Mary.  They eventually agree to pass heresy laws - if there is no restoration of monastic lands.  Mary reluctantly agrees to the condition. November - Cardinal Reginald Pole (whose Plantagenet mother, Margaret, was brutally murdered by Henry VIII) returns to England and the sentence of excommunication is lifted from England. Also, Parliament meets again and passes a 2nd Act of Repeal which voids all religious legislation since 1529.  In other words, the Henrician Reformation never occurred!   1555 January - Mary begins the new year by appointing a commission to re-establish various religious houses. 4 February - The first Protestant martyr is publicly burned - John Rogers, translator of the Bible, is convicted under the new heresy laws. 16 October - Bishops Ridley and Latimer are burnt for heresy outside Balliol College, Oxford. 12 November - Stephen Gardiner, Mary's Catholic adviser, dies. 13 November - Archbishop Cranmer is officially deprived of the See of Canterbury. December - Cardinal Reginald Pole is given Cranmer's former position - named Archbishop of Canterbury.   1556 The public burning of Protestant martyrs continues unabated. 21 March - Thomas Cranmer recants all retractions and is burnt for heresy outside Balliol College, Oxford - where Ridley and Latimer were also killed. 22 March - Pole is officially consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury. Cardinal Pole becomes enmeshed in arguments with Pope Paul IV and is deprived of his position as Papal Legate.   1557 Many small religious houses are re-established. June - Pole is recalled to Rome to answer charges of heresy, referencing his arguments with the pope.  Mary refuses to let him go.  The pope appoints Friar William Peto as Papal Legate in Pole's place.  Mary refuses to recognize the appointment.   1558 10 November - five prominent Protestants burnt for hersey at Canterbury.  In total, about 300 Protestants were killed during Mary's reign. The prominent Protestant exile Thomas Bentham returns to London and leads Protestant meetings. 17 November - Mary and Pole both die. <CENTER><A href="_httpextlink_&rl=1&href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fmary1.html">to Queen Mary I main page</A> <A href="_httpextlink_&rl=1&href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs.html">to Tudor Monarchs</A> <A href="_httpextlink_&rl=1&href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor.html">to Tudor England</A></CENTER><script language="JavaScript" src="_httpextlink_&rl=0&href=http:%2f%2fhostingprod.com%2fjs%5fsource%2fgeov2.js"></script><script language="javascript">geovisit();</script><noscript><img src="_httpextlink_&rl=0&el=direct&href=http://visit.webhosting.yahoo.com/visit.gif?us1108082673" alt="setstats" border="0" width="1" height="1"></noscript> <IMG SRC="_httpextlink_&rl=0&el=direct&href=http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=76001524&t=1108082673" ALT=1 WIDTH=1 HEIGHT=1>